Codebook
to Preregistration: Subcommunities in Open Science
Here, we’re just setting a few options.
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
warning = F, # do not show warnings during codebook generation
message = F, # do not show messages during codebook generation
error = F, # do not interrupt codebook generation in case of errors,
# usually better for debugging
echo = TRUE # show R code
)
ggplot2::theme_set(ggplot2::theme_bw())Now, we’re preparing our toy data for the codebook. These data are artificial and only exist to show the questionnaire.
library(codebook)
library(here)
codebook_data <- rio::import(here("1_preregistration/toy_data.RData"))
# to import an SPSS file from the same folder uncomment and edit the line below
# codebook_data <- rio::import("mydata.sav")
# for Stata
# codebook_data <- rio::import("mydata.dta")
# for CSV
# codebook_data <- rio::import("mydata.csv")
# If you are not using formr, the codebook package needs to guess which items
# form a scale. The following line finds item aggregates with names like this:
# scale = scale_1 + scale_2R + scale_3R
# identifying these aggregates allows the codebook function to
# automatically compute reliabilities.
# However, it will not reverse items automatically.
# codebook_data <- detect_scales(codebook_data)Codebook
codebook(codebook_data)Metadata
Description
Dataset name: codebook_data
The dataset has N=300 rows and 15 columns. 300 rows have no missing values on any column.
Metadata for search engines
- Date published: 2021-08-16
|
#Variables
osp_prp
Publicly sharing project plans to encourage feedback and collaboration. <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers make their project plans publicly available at an early stage (e.g., on social media, websites) to optimize the study design through feedback and to encourage collaboration.</span> </span> “Open Collaboration”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_prp
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_prp | Publicly sharing project plans to encourage feedback and collaboration. <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers make their project plans publicly available at an early stage (e.g., on social media, websites) to optimize the study design through feedback and to encourage collaboration.</span> </span> “Open Collaboration” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2.523333 | 0.827691 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_pre
Preregistering study plans <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers submit important information about their study (for example: research rationale, hypotheses, design and analytic strategy) to a public registry before beginning the study.</span> </span> “Preregistration”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_pre
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_pre | Preregistering study plans <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers submit important information about their study (for example: research rationale, hypotheses, design and analytic strategy) to a public registry before beginning the study.</span> </span> “Preregistration” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2.456667 | 0.8105423 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_met
Publicly sharing the methodology of the research process <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers describe methods, procedures and instruments that are used in the process of knowledge generation and make them publicly available.</span> </span> “Open Methodology”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_met
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_met | Publicly sharing the methodology of the research process <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers describe methods, procedures and instruments that are used in the process of knowledge generation and make them publicly available.</span> </span> “Open Methodology” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2.516667 | 0.7560606 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_sof
Using Open file formats and research software <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers use software (for analysis, simulation, visualization, etc.) as well as file formats that grant permission to access, re-use, and redistribute material with few or no restrictions.</span> </span> “Open File Formats and Research Software”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_sof
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_sof | Using Open file formats and research software <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers use software (for analysis, simulation, visualization, etc.) as well as file formats that grant permission to access, re-use, and redistribute material with few or no restrictions.</span> </span> “Open File Formats and Research Software” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2.37 | 0.8011906 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_mat
Publicly sharing research materials <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers share research materials, for example, biological and geological samples, instruments for measurement or stimuli used in the study.</span> </span> “Open Materials”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_mat
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_mat | Publicly sharing research materials <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers share research materials, for example, biological and geological samples, instruments for measurement or stimuli used in the study.</span> </span> “Open Materials” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2.496667 | 0.8558214 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2586><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_cod
Publicly sharing data analyses <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers make the procedure of the data analyses and their scripts (“code”) publicly available so that others are able to reach the same results as are claimed in scientific outputs.</span> </span> “Open Code / Open Script”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_cod
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_cod | Publicly sharing data analyses <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers make the procedure of the data analyses and their scripts (“code”) publicly available so that others are able to reach the same results as are claimed in scientific outputs.</span> </span> “Open Code / Open Script” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2.54 | 0.8148291 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_dat
Publicly sharing research data <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers publicly provide the data generated in the research process free of cost and accessible so that if can be used, reused and distributed provided that the data source is attributed.</span> </span> “Open Data”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_dat
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_dat | Publicly sharing research data <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers publicly provide the data generated in the research process free of cost and accessible so that if can be used, reused and distributed provided that the data source is attributed.</span> </span> “Open Data” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2.476667 | 0.8195697 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2586><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_oer
Generating Open Educational Resources <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers produce and release teaching, learning and research materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions. Open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, images, software, and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge.</span> </span> “Open Educational Resources”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_oer
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_oer | Generating Open Educational Resources <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers produce and release teaching, learning and research materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions. Open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, images, software, and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge.</span> </span> “Open Educational Resources” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2.53 | 0.83552 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_opr
Deciding for openness in the peer review process <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers opt for some kind of openness in the peer review process, including making reviewer or author identities open, publishing review reports or enabling a broader community to participate in the process.</span> </span> “Open Peer Review”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_opr
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_opr | Deciding for openness in the peer review process <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers opt for some kind of openness in the peer review process, including making reviewer or author identities open, publishing review reports or enabling a broader community to participate in the process.</span> </span> “Open Peer Review” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2.506667 | 0.7737038 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_oap
Publishig open access <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers publish their research paper online, free of cost with free reusability regarding copyright restrictions. This involves any form of open access (preprints, gold and hybrid open access, etc.).</span> </span> “Open Access”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_oap
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_oap | Publishig open access <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers publish their research paper online, free of cost with free reusability regarding copyright restrictions. This involves any form of open access (preprints, gold and hybrid open access, etc.).</span> </span> “Open Access” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2.536667 | 0.823153 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_oso
Providing open source code of software <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers make source code for a piece of software that was developed in the research process publicly available, along with an open source license permitting reuse, adaptation, and further distribution.</span> </span> “Open Scource”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_oso
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_oso | Providing open source code of software <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers make source code for a piece of software that was developed in the research process publicly available, along with an open source license permitting reuse, adaptation, and further distribution.</span> </span> “Open Scource” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2.453333 | 0.8267005 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_sco
Communicating research results to nonacademics <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers use appropriate skills, media, activities, and dialogue to produce one or more of the following personal responses to science: Awareness, Enjoyment, Interest, Opinions, Understanding. Science communication may involve science practitioners, mediators, and other members of the general public, either peer-to-peer or between groups.</span> </span> “Science Communication”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_sco
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_sco | Communicating research results to nonacademics <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>Researchers use appropriate skills, media, activities, and dialogue to produce one or more of the following personal responses to science: Awareness, Enjoyment, Interest, Opinions, Understanding. Science communication may involve science practitioners, mediators, and other members of the general public, either peer-to-peer or between groups.</span> </span> “Science Communication” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2.54 | 0.8024211 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
osp_cit
Involving the non-academic public in the research process <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>The non-academic public is involved in the process of scientific research – whether in community-driven research or global investigations. Citizens do scientific work—often working together with experts or scientific institutions. They support the generation of relevant research questions, the collection, analysis or description of research data and make a valuable contribution to science.</span> </span> “Citizen Science”
Distribution
Distribution of values for osp_cit
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | label | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | min | median | max | mean | sd | n_value_labels | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| osp_cit | Involving the non-academic public in the research process <span class=“moreinfo”>ⓘ <span class=“mytooltip”>The non-academic public is involved in the process of scientific research – whether in community-driven research or global investigations. Citizens do scientific work—often working together with experts or scientific institutions. They support the generation of relevant research questions, the collection, analysis or description of research data and make a valuable contribution to science.</span> </span> “Citizen Science” |
haven_labelled | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2.486667 | 0.8238637 | 4 | <U+2582><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2581><U+2587><U+2581><U+2582> |
Value labels
| name | value |
|---|---|
| 1: not applicable at all | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 4: highly applicable | 4 |
disc
Distribution
Distribution of values for disc
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | n_unique | empty | min | max | whitespace | label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| disc | character | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | NA |
para
Distribution
Distribution of values for para
0 missing values.
Summary statistics
| name | data_type | n_missing | complete_rate | n_unique | empty | min | max | whitespace | label |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| para | character | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | NA |
Missingness report
Codebook table
JSON-LD metadata
The following JSON-LD can be found by search engines, if you share this codebook publicly on the web.
{
"name": "codebook_data",
"datePublished": "2021-08-16",
"description": "The dataset has N=300 rows and 15 columns.\n300 rows have no missing values on any column.\n\n\n## Table of variables\nThis table contains variable names, labels, and number of missing values.\nSee the complete codebook for more.\n\n[truncated]\n\n### Note\nThis dataset was automatically described using the [codebook R package](https://rubenarslan.github.io/codebook/) (version 0.9.2).",
"keywords": ["osp_prp", "osp_pre", "osp_met", "osp_sof", "osp_mat", "osp_cod", "osp_dat", "osp_oer", "osp_opr", "osp_oap", "osp_oso", "osp_sco", "osp_cit", "disc", "para"],
"@context": "http://schema.org/",
"@type": "Dataset",
"variableMeasured": [
{
"name": "osp_prp",
"description": "Publicly sharing project plans to encourage feedback and collaboration. <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers make their project plans publicly available at an early stage (e.g., on social media, websites) to optimize the study design through feedback and to encourage collaboration.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Open Collaboration\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_pre",
"description": "Preregistering study plans <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers submit important information about their study (for example: research rationale, hypotheses, design and analytic strategy) to a public registry before beginning the study.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Preregistration\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_met",
"description": "Publicly sharing the methodology of the research process <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers describe methods, procedures and instruments that are used in the process of knowledge generation and make them publicly available.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Open Methodology\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_sof",
"description": "Using Open file formats and research software <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers use software (for analysis, simulation, visualization, etc.) as well as file formats that grant permission to access, re-use, and redistribute material with few or no restrictions.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Open File Formats and Research Software\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_mat",
"description": "Publicly sharing research materials <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers share research materials, for example, biological and geological samples, instruments for measurement or stimuli used in the study.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Open Materials\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_cod",
"description": "Publicly sharing data analyses <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers make the procedure of the data analyses and their scripts (\"code\") publicly available so that others are able to reach the same results as are claimed in scientific outputs.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Open Code / Open Script\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_dat",
"description": "Publicly sharing research data <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers publicly provide the data generated in the research process free of cost and accessible so that if can be used, reused and distributed provided that the data source is attributed.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Open Data\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_oer",
"description": "Generating Open Educational Resources <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers produce and release teaching, learning and research materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions. Open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, images, software, and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Open Educational Resources\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_opr",
"description": "Deciding for openness in the peer review process <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers opt for some kind of openness in the peer review process, including making reviewer or author identities open, publishing review reports or enabling a broader community to participate in the process.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Open Peer Review\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_oap",
"description": "Publishig open access <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers publish their research paper online, free of cost with free reusability regarding copyright restrictions. This involves any form of open access (preprints, gold and hybrid open access, etc.).<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Open Access\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_oso",
"description": "Providing open source code of software <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers make source code for a piece of software that was developed in the research process publicly available, along with an open source license permitting reuse, adaptation, and further distribution.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Open Scource\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_sco",
"description": "Communicating research results to nonacademics <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">Researchers use appropriate skills, media, activities, and dialogue to produce one or more of the following personal responses to science: Awareness, Enjoyment, Interest, Opinions, Understanding. Science communication may involve science practitioners, mediators, and other members of the general public, either peer-to-peer or between groups.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Science Communication\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "osp_cit",
"description": "Involving the non-academic public in the research process <span class=\"moreinfo\">ⓘ <span class=\"mytooltip\">The non-academic public is involved in the process of scientific research – whether in community-driven research or global investigations. Citizens do scientific work—often working together with experts or scientific institutions. They support the generation of relevant research questions, the collection, analysis or description of research data and make a valuable contribution to science.<\/span> <\/span>\n*\"Citizen Science\"*",
"value": "1. 1: not applicable at all,\n2. 2,\n3. 3,\n4. 4: highly applicable",
"maxValue": 4,
"minValue": 1,
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "disc",
"@type": "propertyValue"
},
{
"name": "para",
"@type": "propertyValue"
}
]
}`